Tech Goddess

By Dave Southern

 A satellite can be described as any object whether it is man made or naturally occurring that orbits around something else. There are over ten types of man-made satellite.

Some of the main types of man made satellites that are used today include the communication satellite, astronomical satellite, earth observation satellites, weather satellites, and space stations.

Communication satellite is a satellite that is stationed in space for the intention of telecommunications. It relays messages, radio, and telephone and television signals. The earth station that is based on the ground transmits signals to the satellite, which then conveys signals to other earth stations. Communication satellites are very effective in bringing the people together because communications that used to take days or even months, now only takes a minute or second using satellites.

The communication equipments are those apparatus that are used to distribute information from one place to the other. It includes devices like Ethernet, antenna, network routers, network switches, transceivers, signal conditioners, signal transmitters, signal receivers, and signal transmission medium. These equipments facilitate the transmission of voice, video and data application signals from one place to the other and are used in many communication devices such as mobile phones, pagers, radio systems, and telephones.

The astronomical satellites help in giving information about space and the universe that may not be acquired by observatories on earth. It sends data about the earths magnetic field and its radiation belts and the solar wind identify radiation such as gamma rays, infrared rays, ultra violet rays, and X-rays from the outer space that point out the existence of various objects varying from stars and galaxies to quasars, invisible gas clouds, black holes, and the ruins of the exploding stars.

An Infrared Astronomical satellite was the first space-based observatory to present a survey of the entire sky using the infrared wavelengths. IRAS examined more than 96% of the sky 4 times at 4 infrared bands that were centered at 100, 60, 25, and 12 microns that increase the number of catalog astronomical sources by almost 70%. Its mission has had a major impact on almost every field of astronomy.

The Earth Observation Satellites observe the conditions on the earth and they follow a near polar orbit from which they can monitor the whole surface on a regular basis. This type of satellite gives information that includes measurements for mapping purposes, geological surveys, mining activities, oil discoveries, and agricultural related records. They can also spot oil spill, forest fires, and different kinds of pollution.

Remote sensing is the technology to view the Earths surface from the distance by observation equipment on board satellites and aircraft. For this remote sensing, the orbit of the satellite is established so that the satellite may monitor occasionally the same point on the earth at the same time. Then the Earth observing data can be continually collected by the Earth Observation Satellite, and any changes on the earth may be observed in a global range detail over a long period and this data gathered is analyzed by the computers. Thus, we can apply this satellite to various fields that concerns our living phenomena from the natural world that include the global environmental changes, typhoon, volcano, floating ice to the environmental changes due to human activities.

The weather satellite is mostly used to monitor the climate and weather of the Earth. This satellite is used to describe atmospheric conditions of an area at any specific time and of expected temperatures, humidity, and precipitation. Weather satellites are very useful in the daily lives of the farmers and fishermen whose livelihood depends on the weather conditions.

All these types of satellites have their unique importance in our daily activities. They all play a big part in our modern life today whether it is for the purpose of communications, navigation, military uses, research, or weather forecasting; they are an integral part of our daily life and they have thousands of uses and perform it without ever being seen.

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Cognitive Drug to Enhance Brain Functioning
By Robert Webb

 A pharmaceutical company is now currently working on a new drug that may be able to be used as a cognitive enhancer. In theory it could improve a person’s working memory. Working memory is the process by which the brain can temporarily store and also manipulate certain information, such as remembering a phone number. This specific drug is able to enhance the functioning a dopamine type 1 receptor in the brain. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in the brain that has a variety of functions. Increasing dopamine can often increase mood and a person’s attention by stimulating one of 5 different dopamine receptors. Stimulation of the D1 receptor is extremely important for the proper functioning of a person’s working memory. Under stimulation of these types of receptors leads to the cognitive dysfunction that is often found in those with attention deficit disorder.

Enhancing D1 receptor activity may allow a person to have an improved attention span. Improper D1 receptor functioning is also correlated with what are called “negative” schizophrenic symptoms. Negative schizophrenic symptoms include lack or decline in speech, apathy, emotional blunting and poor social motivation. A person with negative schizophrenia may have enormous social difficulties. So this new pharmaceutical compound may be able to improve several specific schizophrenic symptoms. Working memory can decline as a person ages due to a reduction in D1 receptor number. So this new pharmaceutical compound may be able to improve cognitive problems that are correlated with old age.

The new drug is actually an inhibitor of a new intracellular target that can increase activity of the D1 receptor in brain cells. Preclinical data has already shown that it may treat a wide variety of disorders such as schizophrenia, ADHD, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. All of these disorders may have improved cognitive functioning after using this drug.

Increasing activation of the D1 receptor may also have a positive impact on a person’s mood. Increasing dopamine is known to enhance a person’s pleasure response via the mesolimbic system of the brain. This new drug should not induce psychoses which can be induced by a dopamine type 2 enhancer sometimes. If this drug gains FDA approval it should be very useful for a variety of brain ailments. It may be used to increase cognition, functioning and improve a person’s mood. It may also be used by regular people to improve normal cognitive functioning on the job or at school.

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Atomic Watches - Are They Real?
By Musa Aykac

 An Atomic watch is a highly accurate watch which keeps accuracy within a fraction of a second. They don’t use radio activity and can be used by anybody just like any other wrist watch without any precaution or fear of radiation. The basic principle of its working is similar to the radio clock which display the time based on the signals received from a transmitter connected to an atomic clock.

When compared with mechanical and electronic or digital watches, they are convenient as they adjust automatically to and from daylight. A time setting in an atomic watch is auto adjusted with the help of the synchronization signal originating from a transmitter like WWVB (a special time signal radio station near Fort Collins, Colorado, USA). The frequency of transmission is 60 kHz. These signals are received by an antenna in the atomic watch which is encoded by an internal program, which again is decoded to display the most accurate time ever available in any watch.

In order to maintain accuracy, it resets daily to the split second, and adjusts automatically to Daylight Savings Time, Leap Year and Time Zone Changes. Another exciting feature of atomic watches are that they are solar powered.

Atomic watches could play a major role in mobile time keeping. For the mobile workers; it is a challenge to keep track of time accurately. It is very difficult for them to keep the time frame of works, which could result in wastage of plenty of time. Here comes the importance of atomic watches, which keeps utmost accuracy. In short, they are the meant for those who need to keep accurate schedules.

Atomic watches are manufactured commercially by many watch manufacturers and are available in a variety of styles, sizes and price ranges. There are different varieties available to suit a variety of lifestyles. For example, there are sporting atomic wrist watches for athletes and players. There are water resistant atomic watches that are supposed to be used for underwater workers and swimmers. Some models are made of titanium which suits rugged lifestyle. The latest model is the lightweight carbon fiber atomic wrist watch which has an unbeatable strength.

As the atomic watches have the above mentioned features, they are quite expensive for ordinary person. Initially it was only available in a price range of $1000, but now the price range has come down to $250. Even if they are costly, the superior features makes them worth that prize. Affordable models for a prize below $100 are also in the commercial market.

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